Ese wari uzi ko hari ibihugu bifata guteretanira mu ruhame nk’amahano?

Iyo witegereje muri iyi minsi usanga uburyo umusore n’umukobwa bakundana uburyo bitwara mu maso ya rubanda, rimwe na rimwe usanga ari ibintu biryoheye ijisho cyane dore ko nabo usanga bagenda babigaragaza mu buryo bwose bushoboka binyuze mu magambo aryoheye amatwi baba bawirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bikaryoha iyo ubareba bari gukora bimwe mu bikorwa n’abakundana birimo gusomana, guhoberana n’ibindi.

Ariko se wari uziko ibi tuba tubona tukabona ari byiza ndetse bikaba byagutera ishyari ryiza ryo kuba nawe washaka igitaraganya uwo mukundana, hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bibifata nk’ikiziririzwa ndetse ufashwe abikora mu ruhame akaba yabihanirwa?

Aha tugiye kugaruka ku bihugu bimwe na bimwe bifite amategeko ahana ibi abenshi dufata nko kwishimisha, kugira ngo wowe ukunda gutemberera mu bihugu bitandukanye hirya no kino ku Isi, hato utazisanga wageze mu gihugu bifatwa nk’ikizira ugasanga ugonganye n’amategeko.

Saudi Arabia

Muri iki gihugu giherereye ku mugabane wa Asia, mu ibarura riheruka gukorwa muri Mutarama 2024 basanze gituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 37.21 ku buso bungana na Km2 2,149,690, aho umubare munini w’abatuye iki gihugu ari igitsina gabo kingana na 57.4%, naho igitsina gore kikangana na 42.6%.

Saudi Arabia ni kimwe mu bihugu bihana byihanukiriye umuntu wese ufashwe ari guteretana n’umukobwa cyangwa se umusore bakora ibikorwa by’abakundana nko gusomana, guhoberana, guterurana n’ibindi cyangwa se abaryamana batarashyingirwa mu buryo bwemewe, aho uhabwa ibihano bitandukanye bitewe n’uburemere by’ibikorwa mwakoraga.

Iki gihugu ubusanzwe kigendera ku mahame ya Islam, mu myaka yo hambere bahoze bafite umuco w’uko nta mukobwa wari wemerewe guhura n’umusore ngo bashimane, batangire urugendo rwabo rw’urukundo, ahubwo umukobwa yabaga yemerewe kuva iwabo mu rugo akajya mu rugo rw’umugabo atazi kuko yabaga yamuhitiwemo n’ababyeyi be.

Uyu ni umuco kandi wari uhuriweho n’ibihugu byinshi ku Isi by’umwihariko ibyo muri Afurika birimo n’u Rwanda.

Nubwo ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere uyu muco ugahinduka, ariko muri Saudi Arabia basa n’abakiwugenderaho kuko no kugeza uyu munsi iyo bafashe umusore n’umukobwa bari mu nzira cyangwa se ku karubanda bigaragara ko bari guteretana, nta kuzuyaza bahita bagongana n’itegeko ry’uko gutereta no gukora ibikorwa by’abakundana mu ruhame ari icyaha, ahanini bitewe n’amahame y’idini rya Islam bakigenderaho.

Mu rwego rwo kwirinda kugongana n’amategeko, usanga kuri ubu bigendanye n’iterambere Isi igezeho, abasore n’inkumi bo muri Saudi Arabia benshi bateretana mu ibanga bakoresheje mbuga nkoranyambaga nka Whatsapp, Snapchat, mu rwego rwo kwirinda kujya ku karubanda bakaba bafatwa bagahanwa.

Ubu bwisanzure buke bahabwa bwo gukorana ibyo bashaka n’abakunzi babo, usanga bituma bamwe bafata umwanzuro ukomeye wo kujya mu bihugu baturanye kugira ngo babashe gukora ibyo bashaka n’abakunzi babo nta bwoba bafite ko bashobora guhanwa.

Aha ushobora guhita utangira kwibaza niba guhura n’umukobwa mu nzira bitemewe cyangwa se ukaba uri kwibaza uko babasha gutandukanya umusore n’inkumi bari guteretana cyangwa se abari kuganira nk’inshuti bisanzwe.

Niba wibaza ibyo bibazo, igisubizo wamenya ni uko gukundana muri iki gihugu hagati y’umuhungu n’umukobwa ntabwo ari ikibazo, gusa gukora ibikorwa bigaragaza ko mukundana niho inzego z’ubuyobozi zibyinjiramo mukaba mwahanwa.

Ibikorwa birimo gusomana mu ruhame, guhoberana, kugenda mu nzira mufatanye agatoki ku kandi, gufatwa mwihugitse ahantu ha mwenyine bimwe urubyiruko rwita gufunga inguni nyamara bizwi ko mutasezeranye, ni imbarutso yo guhita mubihanirwa.

Mu gihe hari abafatiwe muri ibikorwa bifatwa nk’ibiteye isoni muri iki gihugu, aha muhanishwa gukubitwa ibiboko 100, gusa aha ni mu gihe nta n’umwe wari washyingirwa.

Gusa iyo mufashwe harimo uwashyingiwe aryamanye cyangwa se ari guteretana n’uwo batashyingiranwe, muhanishwa gukubitwa amabuye kugeza mushizemo umwuka.

Urugero rufatika ni urw’umusore n’umukobwa bitwa Sadaf and Mohammad batawe muri yombi mu mwaka wa 2018, bazira gukorera mu ruhame ibikorwa bigaragaza urukundo hagati yabo birimo kugenda bafatanye amaboko ndetse no guhoberana.

Aba bana bari mu kigero k’imyaka 17 na 20 muri icyo gihe, batawe muri yombi nyuma y’uko hari umuturage wabarabutswe bari gukora ibyo bikorwa bibujijwe agahita ajya kubahamagariza inzego z’umutekano avuga ko bari gukora ibikorwa byo kwiyandarika ku karubanda.

Icyakora kuva icyo gihe ntawongeye kumenya amakuru y’aba bana, kuko urwego rwabataye muri yombi rwahisemo kubigira ibanga gusa amakuru yavugaga ko bafunzwe n’ubwo ntawamenye igihe babakatiye cyo kumaramo.

Iran

Iran iherereye mu Burengerazuba bw’umugabane wa Asia, mu ibarura ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2024 ryagaragaje ko ituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 91.9, aho umubare munini ari igitsina gabo kingana na 50.5%, naho igitsina gore bakaba 49.5% , ibiyigira igihugu cya 17 gituwe n’abantu benshi ku Isi, kikaba kiri ku buso bungana na km2 1,648,195.

Muri Iran kimwe no muri Saudi Arabia, nayo ni kimwe mu bihugu bitemera guteretana hagati y’umuhungu n’umukobwa bakabikorera ku karubanda, bigendanye n’amahame y’umuco wabo ndetse n’imyizerere yabo y’idini rya Islam.

Nubwo usanga ibi bitabuza umuhungu n’umukobwa kuba bakundana ndetse bakazashinga urugo, ariko bakora ukobashoboye bakabikora mu ibanga ku buryo nta muntu wapfa kubakeka, aho usanga birinda kujya kubigaragaza mu ruhame ahubwo bakifashisha imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ubusanzwe ibikorwa birimo gusomana, guhoberana, guterurana, gutamikana utuntu two kurya, gukina udukino dutandukanye, kugenda mu nzira mufatanye agatoki ku kandi ni bimwe mu bikorwa cyangwa se ibimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza ko umusore n’inkumi bari mu rukundo rushyushye ndetse iyo ubarebye usanga ari ibintu biryoheye ijisho.

Gusa muri Iran siko bimeze kuko ahubwo gutinyuka gukora ibi bikorwa mu ruhame bica amarenga ko muri mu rukundo, ni kimwe mu bintu bihanwa n’amategeko, dore ko muri iki gihugu bakigendera ku ihame ry’uko umukobwa wese agomba kujya gushaka umugabo ari uko Papa we cyangwa se Sekuru amuhaye uburenganzira kabone n’ubwo yaba yujuje imyaka y’ubukure.

Umukobwa n’umusore bafashwe bakora ibi bikorwa mu ruhame kandi batarasezeranye, bitewe n’uburyo bafashwemo babikora bashobora guhanishwa igihano k’igifungo, cyangwa se bagcibwa amande bashinjwa kwica nkana itegeko rigena imyambarire y’abagore muri iki gihugu.

Ubusanzwe muri ibi bihugu by’aba Islam, abagore baba bategetswe kwambara imyambaro ibapfuka ahantu hose ndetse umugore ufashwe atayambaye uko bikwiye mu ruhame ahita abihairwa.

Mu gihe kandi mufashwe muri gukora ibi bikorwa, umusore n’umukobwa bashobora guhanishwa kwirukanwa burundu mu gihugu cyangwa se bakagira uduce tumwe na tumwe bakumirwa kugeramo ubuzima bwabo bwose, bazira gukora ibyo bikorwa bifatwa nk’ibiteye isoni.

Uretse kuba wafatirwa ibihano n’amategeko y’igihugu, imiryango bwite umusore n’umukobwa bavukamo bagira ibihano byihariye babafatira birimo kubaca mu muryango, aho ibi usanga bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mukobwa ndetse usanga bamwe kubyakira bibagora bagahitamo kwiyambura ubuzima cyangwa se bagatorongera.

Nk’aho ibyo bidahagije, umuryango mugari (sosiyete) nawo ubafatira ibihano byihariye birimo kubaha akato, kubirukana ku mirimo runaka n’ibindi bituma biyumva nk’ibicibwa mu gihugu.

Hari ingero nyinshi z’abagiye bahanwa bazira ibi byaha, gusa mu mwaka wa 2015, muri iki gihugu havuzwemo cyane inkuru y’umugabo n’umugore bivugwa ko bakundanaga bafaswe baryamanye mu modoka, bagakatirwa igihano gikakaye cy’urupfu.

Uyu mugore n’umugabo bakimara gufatwa, bajyanywe gufungwa nyuma y’igihe baza kubajyana mu rukiko bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwishora mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mbere yo gushyingirwa, no kwica nkana amahame agenga idini ya Islam ndetse n’umuryango mugari muri rusange.

Nubwo uyu mugore n’umugabo bari bakoze ibihabanye n’amahame n’indangagaciro bigenga umuryango mugari wa Iran, ariko ibi byababaje benshi kuko iki aricyo gihano gikakaye cyari gitanzwe, ndetse kuva icyo gihe abantu barushaho kujya bigengesera.

Yemen

Yemen ni igihugu giherereye i Burasirazuba bwo hagati ku mugabane wa Asia, aho mu ibarura riheruka gukorwa, ryagaragaje ko iki gihugu gituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 34.8, aho umubare munini ari igitsina gabo kingana na 50.5, mu gihe igitsina gore kingana na 49.5 ku buso bungana na km2 455,000.

Kimwe n’ibindi bihugu twavuze haruguru, Yemen ni kimwe mu bihugu bigendera ku mahame ya Islam, aho usanga gutereta mu ruhame bifatwa nko kwica amahame agenga umuryango mugari, idnini rya Islam ndetse bidasize n’amategeko y’igihugu, ndetse iki ni icyaha kitajya kihanganirwa.

Ni benshi bagiye bagongana n’aya mahame muri iki gihugu mu gihe habaga hari uwamenye amakuru ko bari gukundana agahita yihutira gutanga amakuru ku buyobozi bikarangira babihaniwe, gusa urugero twatanga muzirenga amagana ziri muri iki gihugu, ni urw’umusore n’umukobwa batawe muri yombi nyuma yo gutahurwa ko bakundana mu buryo bw’ibanga bakorehsheje imbuga nkoranyambaga kandi batarashakana.

Ni inkuru yavuzwe mu mwaka wa 2020, ubwo umusore n’umukobwa batahurwaga ko bakundana banyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse bakaba barajyaga bohererezanya amafoto ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, aho uyu mukobwa yagaragaraga atambaye imyenda y’abagore b’abasiramu bategetswe kwambara.

Muri Yemen kugaragaza imyitwarire nk’iyi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ni icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko, aho bifatwa nko gukwirakwiza imyitwarire igayitse, ibi bigahanishwa igifungo ndetse ugasohokamo utanze amande agenwa n’urukiko hagendewe ku buremere bw’ibyo wakoze.

Sudan

Sudan ni igihugu giherere mu majyaruguru y’umugabane wa Africa, aho kuri ubu mu ibarura riheruka gukorwa ryagragaje ko gituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 47. 4, aho abagore ari 50% n’abagabo bakaba 50%.

Kuba umukobwa n’umusore bakundana nta kibazo kibirimo muri Sudan, gusa imico n’imyitwarire imwe n’imwe bashobora kugaragaza mu ruhame niyo ishobora gufatwa nk’ibigize icyaha ndetse bombi bakaba babihanirwa n’amategeko y’ igihugu, bitewe n’uko bo babifata nk’ibikorwa biganisha ku busambanyi.

Icyakora muri Sudan ho habayo n’umwihariko wo guhana bihanukiriye no kurwanya bivuye inyuma abakundana bahuje ibitsina bakabikorera mu ruhame, aho usanga bamwe bafungwa bisanzwe, abandi bagakatirwa igifungo cya burundu.